Since the last two decades, advancement of technology has speed up the process to make travelling, communicating and business globally much more easily. These countries should shift to renewable energy resources to protect the environment and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.Įcological footprints Environmental degradation Globalization Technology. Globalization is a process where there is increasing of connectivity and mobility of the world’s markets as well as businesses where they are expanding from domestic to international ones. This study infers that the globalization has increased environmental degradation through unsustainable economic development in South Asian countries. However, technological changes measured as patents registered by residents have an insignificant impact on environmental quality. The results indicate that the measures of globalization such as FDI, trade openness, and KOF index have positive and statistically significant effect on ecological footprint. Empirical findings of this study yield the inverted U-shaped association between globalization, technological changes, and environmental degradation which validate that EKC holds in the South Asian countries. To determine the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, this study employs panel autoregressive distributional lag (ARDL) model. Westerlund (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748, 2007) cointegration test is employed to estimate the presence of long-run relationship between globalization, technological changes, and environmental degradation. All rights reserved.This study aims to investigate the effect of economic globalization and technological changes on the environmental degradation of the South Asian countries over the time span of 1975-2017. The current debate on the '25 × 25 strategy', a goal of 25% reduction in relative mortality from NCDs by 2025, makes the proposed approach even more timely.Įpigenetic modifications related to globalization may crucially contribute to explain current and future patterns of NCDs, and thus deserve attention from environmental researchers, public health experts, policy makers, and concerned citizens.ĭiet Environmental epigenomics Environmental pollutants Socioeconomic status Trade Transgenerational hazards.Ĭopyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. Globalization has important impacts on the environment, that must beconsidered in. The study of durable changes in epigenetic patterns has the potential to influence policy and practice for example, by enabling stratification of populations into those who could particularly benefit from early interventions to prevent NCDs, or by demonstrating mechanisms through which environmental factors influence disease risk, thus providing compelling evidence for policy makers, companies and the civil society at large. Ignazio Musu (Scientific Coordinator), Venice International University. We provide examples of such changes and effects by discussing the potential epigenetic impact of socio-economic status, migration, and diet, as well as the impact of environmental factors influencing trends in age at puberty. To analyze how worldwide changes in movements of goods, persons and lifestyles (globalization) may affect the "epigenetic landscape" of populations and through this have an impact on NCDs. Increased consumption leads to an increase in the production of goods, which in turn puts stress on the environment. Increased greenhouse gas emissions, ocean acidification, deforestation (and other forms of habitat loss or destruction), climate change, and the introduction of invasive species all work to reduce biodiversity around the globe. Our concern is that once such factors have a foundation in human biology, they can affect human health (including NCDs) over a long period of time and across generations. Answer (1 of 27): Activists have pointed out that globalization has led to an increase in the consumption of products, which has impacted the ecological cycle. We also hypothesize that the "embedding" partly occurs because of epigenetic changes, i.e., durable changes in gene expression patterns. We hypothesize that environmental factors (including social adversity, diet, lack of physical activity and pollution) can become "embedded" in the biology of humans. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing worldwide.
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